So is this clip from exactly the same place where you were hearing the clipping problem earlier?
I tested it in VLC player myself now - even at max volume - and did not hear any REALLY obvious clipping, although there are definitely some quite “hot” sections, like that first loud synth stab at around 3 seconds in.
After taking a very quick look at the waveform itself, one thing did immediately catch my eye:
This is a portion of that first loud synth I mentioned, which you can see here on the right. You’ll notice that the top half of the waveform seems quite normal and the dynamics are quite ok, but the lower half of the waveform seems louder and more harshly limited. This happens sometimes with certain synth sounds or samples which have a DC offset which is shifted off-center. I’ve added the red lines myself just as a visual aid - they’re both positioned the same distance from the center line.
Zooming in a little closer, we can see that it’s not really clipping a LOT (and obviously not technically clipping beyond 0dB), and it’s not as much “squashing” as we might expect to see from some intense hard/digital clipping with really badly flattened peaks, but… it’s still possible to see that something is going on here. The lower half of the waveform has had its peaks flattened in quite a uniform fashion, when compared to the upper half.
Is it possible that this synth sound is just a bit unbalanced (in terms of DC offset), and the slightly rough peaks on the lower half of the waveform are responsible for the distortion you’re hearing?