The suggested Octave decrease/increase changes the octave for the “keyboard piano” similar to how octave switches work on midi keyboards.
The Transpose options change notes that are already written into a pattern.
There are a few different “Transponse” options inside Edit / Preferences / Keys
Type “transpose” into the search bar to see them all.
You probably tried the ones under Track Operations but you meant to use the ones under Column Operations. The former can be useful if you want to change the key/octave of a whole melody, the latter for adjusting single notes.
In case you want to change other values besides notes in a similar manner, check out this tool I wrote.